Copaiba

(Copaifera officinalis)

Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Copaifera
Species: officinalis, langsdorffii
Synonyms: Copaifera Jacquin, C. nitida, C. pauper, C. sellowii, Copaiva officinalis
Common names: copaiba, copaipera, cupayba, copauba, Copal, balsam copaiba, copaiva, copaiba-verdadeira, Jesuit's balsam, copaibeura de Minas, Coben, Matidisguate, matisihuati, mal-dos-sete-dias, aceite de palo, pau -de-oleo, básamo de copayba
Phyto-chemical elements: (-)-16beta-kauran-19-carbonic-acid, (-)-Kaur-16-en-19-carbonic-acid, 7-hydroxyhardwickic-acid, Alloaromadendrene, bergamotene-Alpha, Alpha-Cubebene, Alpha multijugenol-Alpha-selinene, Ar-curcumene, Bisabolene-Beta, Beta-Cubebene, elemen-Beta, Beta-farnesene, beta-humulene, beta-metacopaibic-acid, Beta-muurolene, Beta-selinene, Calamenene, Calamesene, Carioazulene , Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene-oxide, Coipaiferic-acid, Copaene, Copaiferolic-acid, acid-Copalic, Cyperene, Delta-cadinene, delta-elements, Enantio-agathic-acid, Eperu-8 (20)-en-15, 18 -- DIOIC-acid, gamma-cadinene, gamma-factor, gamma-humulene, Hardwickic-acid, acid-Homoparacopaibic, Illurinic-acid, Maracaibobalsam, Paracopaibic-acid, acid-Polyalthic, Trans-alpha-bergamotene
Parts Used: Resin, bark

PROPERTY 'AND ACTIONS

Main actions:

* Relieves pain
* Reduces inflammation
* Kills germs
* Fights bacteria
* Fights fungi
* Inhibits the growth of tumors
* Dries secretions
* Heals wounds
* Protects the gastric tract
* Slightly laxative
* Soothes and softens
* Disinfects

Other actions:

* Increases the diuresis
* Expels worms
* Reduces the acids
* Calms the cough
* Expel mucus

Assay standards:
Resin.
Internally: 5-15 drops 2-3 times a day;
Externally: apply the resin on diluted concerned

Copaiba trees are very dense and grow up to 15-30 m in height. There are 35 species of Copaifera, which grows mainly in tropical areas of South America (especially Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Guinea, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Some of these species are used in folk medicine interchangeably.

That part of which is most often used in folk medicine is the oleoresins that accumulates in cavities within the trunk of the tree. Is collected drilling or cutting holes in the wood of the trunk. A single tree copaiba attorney about 40 liters of oleoresins annually. Just pins, the resin oil is clear, smooth and free of color. It is cloudy and darkens on contact with air. The resins that are for sale are cloudy liquid, a color that varies from pale yellow to golden brown.

The resin contains up to 15% of volatile oil, while the remaining materials are resins and acids. The biologically active properties of the resin are attributed to a group of phyto-chemical elements including sesquiterpeni, diterpeni and acid terpenic. Many of these elements are completely new and can be found only in resin copaiba. In addition, the resin copaiba is the highest natural source of caryophyllene (up to 480,000 parts per million), which is a phyto-chemical element with documented anti-inflammatory effects.

Much of the research conducted so far have tested the use of traditional copaiba. In 2002, Brazilian researchers have confirmed its effectiveness as healing. In addition, several laboratory studies have tested the anti-inflammatory effect on various inflammation, and have assigned a different sesquiterpeni present in oil of copaiba. Of these, caryophyllene, showed properties painkillers, antifungal against nail fungus, as well as anti-inflammatory properties and gastroprotettive.
In particular, the effect of caryophyllene gastroprotettivo can justify another of the traditional practices of copaiba as a remedy for stomach ulcers.

The use of copaiba as an antiseptic for sore throats, and infections of the respiratory tract and urinary tract, may be partly explained by the antibacterial properties of resin-documented in the'60s and'70s. Recent research (in 2000 and 2002) have confirmed through in vitro significant antimicrobial activity of copaiba against gram-positive bacteria.

Another recent area of research is focused on anticancer and anti-tumor properties of copaiba. Researchers in Tokyo have isolated the chemical elements in 6 oleoresins and tested them against cancer, finding effective in increasing life expectancy of 98% of mice with cancer. A team of Spanish researchers in 2002 has also tested anti-tumor effects and has shown that a phyto-chemical element in the resin acts actively in vitro against lung cancer, colon cancer, melanoma, and lymphocytes against neoplastic cells. In 2002, Brazilian researchers have documented that one of the active components of the resin, caurenoico acid, can inhibit in vitro growth of leukemia cells of 95% and breast cancer cells and colon by 45%.

Still, the editors and the Amazon shamans: they use resin copaiba for all types of pain, for skin problems, insect bites and to calm the inflammation.

The Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients copaiba cites as a diuretic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, stimulant and disinfectant.

In all systems where it is used herbal, resin copaiba is used internally only at low doses because high doses can cause nausea, vomiting, fever and rash similar to measles.

Below is a brief summary of the uses of this etnomedici oleoresins.


Amazon: For cough, excess mucus, influenza, gonorrhea, incontinence, inflammation, psoriasis, skin irritation, syphilis, urinary tract disorders, wounds and as a diuretic and disinfectant
Brazil: For bacterial infections, bladder infections, bronchitis, cancer, cystitis, dandruff, dermatitis, dermatosis, diarrhea, dysentery, flu, upset stomach, gonorrhea, hypertension, incontinence, inflammation, intestinal parasites, kidney inflammation, lung disorders, pain, pneumonia, psoriasis, respiratory problems, sinusitis, skin problems, skin ulcers, sore throat, ulcers, syphilis, tetanus, tumors, urinary tract infections, urinary inflammation, vaginal mucus, wounds, and as an antiseptic
Europe: For bladder irritation, bronchitis, chilblains, constipation, cystitis, diarrhea, excessive mucus (in the bladder, vagina, respiratory tract), edema, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids, intestinal gas, itch, stimulation, urinary inflammation, vaginal mucus, diseases Venereal as an antiseptic and diuretic
Peru: For bronchitis, excess mucus, diuretic, edema, gonorrhea, hemorrhages, herpes, incontinence, bowel gas, insect bites, leishmaniasis, muscle pain, pleurisy, syphilis, tetanus, tuberculosis, ulcers, urinary infections, vaginal mucus, diseases Venereal wounds
U. S.: As antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, stimulant
Elsewhere: For constipation, dermatitis, eczema, gonorrhea, urinary insufficiency, venereal diseases, wounds and as a massage oil



Copaiba

Primary method of preparation: resin filtered cold

Key actions (in order):
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic (relieves pain), anticancer, antimicrobial, healing

Main uses:

1. as a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory for wounds, rashes, dermatitis, insect bites, boils and psoriasis
2nd as an antiseptic, disinfectant and antimicrobial agent for bacterial infections, both internal and external
3rd for fungi of the skin and nails
4th for skin cancer
5th for stomach ulcers and stomach cancer


Properties / actions documented by research:
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiulcer, gastroprotettivo (protects the gastric tract), healing

Other properties / actions documented by traditional
Anesthetic, anti-acid, antiseptic, antiviral, astringent, carminative (expels gas), cough suppression, disinfectant, diuretic, emetic (causes vomiting), emollient, expectorant, laxative, stimulant

Traditional preparation:
5-15 drops of oleoresins in a cup of warm water 2-3 times a day. Or oleoresins is applied directly on skin to skin problems and wounds (the normal dose is one part of oil copaiba in 5 parts of glycerin). It's also applied topically as a massage oil for pain and inflammation in the muscles and joints (usually in a mixture of 5 parts of oil copaiba in 10 parts of another oil). For fungal nail and skin cancer, the oleoresins is applied directly over the affected area, without being diluted.

Contraindications:

* Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, because it may irritate.
* Who is particularly sensitive to the resin may run into a rash similar to measles, accompanied by irritation, itching and / or tingling. Discontinue use if you have these effects
* Do not take internally high doses (more than 5ml). In the case of high doses, it may have nausea, vomiting, fever and rash. Interrupt or reduce the dosage if you have these effects.
* One of the elements present in oil of copaiba has shown in vitro to cause hemolysis of red blood cells. It's better to avoid the prolonged use orally, unless otherwise prescribed

Interaction with drugs: None reported

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